{"id":17,"date":"2023-02-15T13:11:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T13:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/?page_id=17"},"modified":"2023-02-16T13:55:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-16T13:55:49","slug":"vegetation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/?page_id=17","title":{"rendered":"<strong>V\u00e9g\u00e9tation<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les divers am\u00e9nagements du Parc ainsi que les diversit\u00e9s g\u00e9omorphologiques, \u00e9daphiques et environnementales de Bou-Hedma ont favorise l\u2019installation d\u2019une flore relativement riche et adapt\u00e9e aux conditions qui r\u00e8gnent dans les diff\u00e9rents milieux. Les investigations botaniques ont permis d\u2019inventorier plus de 500 esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales (Mission Schoenenberger, 1987).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s\u2019agit essentiellement d\u2019une flore steppique arbor\u00e9e proche des pseudo-savanes uniques en Tunisie. La strate arbor\u00e9e est form\u00e9e par le gommier, la strate arbustive est domin\u00e9e par les cham\u00e9phytes tels que&nbsp;<em>Artemisia inculta, Artemisia campestris, Astragalus armatus. <\/em>La strate herbac\u00e9e est riche en gramin\u00e9es cespiteuses comme&nbsp;<em>Stipa tennacissima, Lygeum spartum, Aristida pungens.<\/em> Les th\u00e9rophytes sont tr\u00e8s abondants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi les esp\u00e8ces inventori\u00e9es, plusieurs d\u2019entre-elles repr\u00e9sentent un enjeu de conservation important pour la Tunisie ou pour le Maghreb. On y retrouve 8 des 14 esp\u00e8ces du Centre et Sud-tunisien reconnues de premi\u00e8re priorit\u00e9 pour la protection par l\u2019Etude Nationale de la Diversit\u00e9 Biologique de la Tunisie. Ce sont:&nbsp;<em>Acacia raddiana, Juniperus phoenicea, Pistacia atlantica, Thymelaea sempervirens, Tatrepogon villosus, Tricholaena tenerzffae&nbsp;<\/em>et deux gramin\u00e9es en r\u00e9gression, \u00e0 forte valeur pastorale&nbsp;<em>Cenchrus ciliaris, Digitaria communtata<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u2019Acacia tortilis<\/em>&nbsp;est d\u2019une grande utilit\u00e9 pour la reconstitution du tapis v\u00e9g\u00e9tal des r\u00e9gions arides. Ses racines descendent \u00e0 plus de 60 m de profondeur, ce qui offre \u00e0 l\u2019arbre une r\u00e9sistance remarquable aux s\u00e9cheresses prolong\u00e9es. Le feuillage du gommier est habituellement persistant, mais lors des s\u00e9cheresses et des siroccos violents, l\u2019arbre devient \u00e0 feuillage caducifoli\u00e9 pour limiter au maximum les d\u00e9shydrations excessives provoqu\u00e9es par les fortes transpirations. C\u2019est une excellente esp\u00e8ce fixatrice des sables continentaux lorsqu\u2019elle est associ\u00e9e au&nbsp;<em>Ziziphus lotus<\/em>&nbsp;et&nbsp;<em>Nitraria retusa<\/em>. Ces Ecosyst\u00e8mes offrent des refuges \u00e0 plusieurs esp\u00e8ces animales et v\u00e9g\u00e9tales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019analyse des v\u00e9g\u00e9tations montre une richesse spectaculaire souvent plus importante que dans les zones \u00e0 bioclimat plus humide. Du point de vue phytodynamique nous retrouvons des syntaxons vicariants de phytocenoses diverses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les investigations floristiques men\u00e9es sur le terrain ont permis d\u2019indiquer la diversit\u00e9 syntaxonomique suivante :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les Crithmo-Limonietea sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par&nbsp;<em>Inula crithmoides, Limoniunz pruinosum, Sonchus altissima, Halocnemurn strobilaceunz<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les Quercetea ilicis sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par J<em>uniperus phoenicea, Juniperus oxycedrus, Ephedra altissima, Pistacia le~ztiscus, Olea europaea<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces de&nbsp;<em>l\u2019Atractylo-Stipio, Atractylis cancellata, Stipa capensis, Stipa parvijlora, Atracylis flava<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des<em> Juncetea maritimus, Juncus maritimus, Carex distans, Agropyrorz elongatum<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des&nbsp;<em>Phragmites, Phragmites communis, Typha angustifolia, Equisetunz ramosissimum<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des&nbsp;<em>Pegano-Salsala vernziculata, Peganum harmala, Salsola vermiculata, Marrubium vulgare, Marrubium alysson, Zygophyllum albunm, Dittrichia viscosa, Withiana somnifera ;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des <em>Iseolo-Nanojuncetea, Juncus capitalus, Scirpus setaceux, Juncus Bufonius, Ophioglossmn lusitanicunz&nbsp;<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des&nbsp;<em>Sarcocornea fruticosae<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Salicornia fruticosa,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Atriplex halimus, Salsola oppositifolia<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Suaeda ucticosa, Liminiastrunl guyonianunz, Arthrocnemum glaucum,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Arthrocnemum indicum<\/em>,\u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des&nbsp;<em>Cakiletea maritirni, Salsola kalli<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des&nbsp;<em>Asparago-Rliamnion oleoidis<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Asparagus albus, Asparagus stipularis, Rhamnus oleoides, Genista microcephala<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des S<em>tellarietea mediae<\/em>, A<em>sphodelus fistulosus, Asphodelus refra ctus, Malva parviflora , Malva silvestris, Diplotaxis harra, Chenopodium murale, Euphorbia peplus<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des&nbsp;<em>Thero-Brachypodieta, Bupleururum semicompositum, Brachypodium Distachyum, Hipocrepis multisiliquosa, lamarkia aurea, Solanum nigrum<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des Rosmarinea ;&nbsp;<em>Rosmarinus oficinalis, Globularia alypum, Lavandula multzjida, Ruta montana&nbsp;<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des Asplenietea ;&nbsp;<em>Adiantum capellis-veneris, Umbilicus rupestris<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esp\u00e8ces des Frankinetea ;&nbsp;<em>Frankenia pallida, Frankenia pulverulenta, Frankenia thymfolia.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146\" width=\"380\" height=\"676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-1152x2048.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06590-scaled.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-133\" width=\"422\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC06583-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148\" width=\"422\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DSC07205_Limonium-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les divers am\u00e9nagements du Parc ainsi que les diversit\u00e9s g\u00e9omorphologiques, \u00e9daphiques et environnementales de Bou-Hedma ont favorise l\u2019installation d\u2019une flore relativement riche et adapt\u00e9e aux conditions qui r\u00e8gnent dans les diff\u00e9rents milieux. Les investigations botaniques ont permis d\u2019inventorier plus de 500 esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales (Mission Schoenenberger, 1987). Il s\u2019agit essentiellement d\u2019une flore steppique arbor\u00e9e proche des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147,"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions\/147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bouhedma.inrgref.ctfc.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}